20151203 Week12English Children’s Literature
l Poetry
- Ø Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well
- Ø Lyric poetry is a form of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person
l Today John Denver
Today, while the blossoms still cling to the vine
I'll taste your strawberries, I'll drink your sweet wine.
A million tomorrows shall all pass away.
There I forget all the joy that is mine, today.
I'll be a dandy and I'll be a rover.
You'll know who I am by the songs that I sing.
I'll feast at your table, I'll sleep in your clover.
Who cares what the 'morrow shall bring.
I can't be contented with yesterday's glory.
I can't live on promises winter or spring.
Today is my moment, now is my story.
I'll laugh and I'll cry and I'll sing.
l Carpe diem is a Latin aphorism, usually translated "seize the day", taken from book 1 of the Roman poet Horace's work Odes (23 BC).
l To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time is a poem written by English Cavalier poet Robert Herrick in the 17th century. The poem is in the genre of carpe diem, Latin for seize the day.
Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,
Old Time is still a-flying;
And this same flower that smiles today
To-morrow will be dying.
The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun,
The higher he's a-getting,
The sooner will his race be run,
And nearer he's to setting.
That age is best which is the first,
When youth and blood are warmer;
But being spent, the worse, and worst
Times still succeed the former.
Then be not coy, but use your time,
And, while ye may, go marry:
For having lost but once your prime,
You may forever tarry.
l To His Coy Mistress is a metaphysical poem written by the English author and politician Andrew Marvell (1621–1678) either during or just before the English Interregnum (1649–60).This poem is considered one of Marvell's finest and is possibly the best recognized carpe diem poem in English.
Thy beauty shall no more be found, (thy=your)
Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound
My echoing song; then worms shall try
That long preserved virginity,
Thus, though we cannot make our sun
Stand still, yet we will make him run.
l Iambic tetrameter is a meter in poetry. It refers to a line consisting of four iambic feet. The word "tetrameter" simply means that there are four feet in the line; iambic tetrameter is a line comprising four iambs.
l Aesop's Fables (1884) The Ass Carrying Salt
The same measures will not suit all circumstances.
l Fable is a literary genre: a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, mythical creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized (given human qualities, such as verbal communication) and that illustrates or leads to an interpretation of a moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be added explicitly as a pithy maxim. A fable differs from a parable in that the latter excludes animals, plants, inanimate objects, and forces of nature as actors that assume speech or other powers of humankind.
l Misery loves company.禍不單行
l 兩個人穿三件褲子→做超過能力範圍
l Aesop's Fables or the Aesopica is a collection of fables credited to Aesop, a slave and storyteller believed to have lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 560 BCE.
l The Boy Who Cried Wolfis one of Aesop's Fables, numbered 210 in the Perry Index. From it is derived the English idiom "to cry wolf", defined as "to give a false alarm" in Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fableand glossed by the Oxford English Dictionary as meaning to make false claims, with the result that subsequent true claims are disbelieved.
l The Fox and the Grapes is one of the Aesop's fables, numbered 15 in the Perry Index. The narration is concise and subsequent retellings have often been equally succinct. The story concerns an anthropomorphized fox that tries to eat grapes from a vine but cannot reach them. Rather than admit defeat, it denies they are desirable in a rationalisation that has been identified with cognitive dissonance. The expression "sour grapes" originated from this fable.
l The North Wind and the Sun is one of Aesop's Fables (Perry Index 46). It is type 298 (Wind and Sun) in the Aarne-Thompson folktale classification. The moral it teaches about the superiority of persuasion over force has made the story widely known. It is also known for being a chosen text for phonetic transcriptions.
l Parable is a succinct, didactic story, in prose or verse, which illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles. It differs from a fable in that fables employ animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature as characters, whereas parables have human characters. A parable is a type of analogy.
A story in which ideas are symbolized as people.
l Allegory is an extended metaphor. Allegory has been used widely throughout history in all forms of art, largely because it can readily illustrate complex ideas and concepts in ways that are comprehensible or striking to its viewers, readers, or listeners.
A short story designed to teach a moral or religious lesson.
l Fable is a literary genre: a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, mythical creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized (given human qualities, such as verbal communication) and that illustrates or leads to an interpretation of a moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be added explicitly as a pithy maxim.
A short story in which animals or objects speaks a story, to teach a moral or religious lesson.
l Vocabulary
moral (n.) principles or standards of good behaviour, especially in matters of sex
morale (n.) the level of confidence and positive feelings that people have, especially people who work together, who belong to the same team etc
be apt to: get used to
vine (n.) a plant with long thin stems that attach themselves to other plants, trees, buildings etc
assemble (v.) to put all the parts of something together
assembly (n.) a group of people who are elected to make decisions or laws for a particular country, area, or organization
summon (v.) to order someone to come to a place
summit (n.) an important meeting or set of meetings between the leaders of several governments
-al (<n.> 字尾)
remove (v.) to take something away from, out of, or off the place where it is
→removal (n.) when something is taken away from, out of, or off the place where it is
fail to do something
dispense with
ad-: forward
- ornament (n.) a small object that you keep in your house because it is beautiful rather than useful
hound (n.) a dog which is fast and has a good sense of smell, used for hunting
-ly (大部分為<adv.>)
exceptions: lovely, elderly, friendly, deadly, cowardly, <adj.>
antro-:person
morph- form
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